Radio Channels Guide
GMRS and FRS channel reference for backcountry communication in the Elk Mountains.
Radio Best Practices
- 1.Agree on a channel before you leave the trailhead. Pick a primary and a backup channel in case of interference. Channels 1-7 are all good options.
- 2.Test radios at the trailhead. Make sure everyone's radio is working and on the same channel before splitting up.
- 3.Use call signs or names. Start transmissions with who you're calling and who you are: "Dave, this is Mike, over."
- 4.Keep transmissions short. Press and hold the PTT button for 1 second before speaking. Speak clearly and release when done.
- 5.Carry spare batteries. Cold weather drains batteries fast. Keep your radio and spares in an inside pocket close to your body.
- 6.Know your range limits. FRS radios get 0.5-1 mile in timber and valleys. GMRS can reach 2-5+ miles with clear line of sight. Ridgelines and dense forest dramatically reduce range.
- 7.Monitor before transmitting. Listen for a few seconds before keying up to avoid talking over someone else.
- 8.Use dual-watch if your radio supports it. Monitor channel 20 as a secondary so you can hear emergency hailing while talking on your group channel.
GMRS vs FRS: What You Need to Know
FRS (Family Radio Service) radios are license-free, low-power (up to 2 watts), and what most people carry. They work fine for short-range communication in open terrain but struggle in deep valleys and heavy timber.
GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) radios can transmit at up to 50 watts and use repeaters for extended range. A GMRS license is required ($35 from the FCC, covers your whole family for 10 years, no exam). GMRS is strongly recommended for backcountry use in the Elk Mountains where terrain blocks signals.
Both GMRS and FRS share channels 1-22. Channels 8-14 are FRS-only (low power). All other channels can be used by both services, but GMRS users can transmit at higher power on channels 1-7 and 15-22.
Recommended Channels
Channels 1-7 — Group Communication
Good channels for your group. Pick any channel in this range and agree on it before heading out. Spread out across channels to avoid congestion — don't all default to channel 1. Always have a backup channel in case of interference.
Channel 20 — Emergency / Hailing
Commonly used as an emergency hailing frequency in outdoor communities. Not officially designated, but widely recognized. Use this channel to call for help or reach nearby groups you're not in contact with. Keep transmissions here brief — establish contact, then switch to another channel to talk.
Channels 17-19 — Snowmobile Traffic
Snowmobile groups in the CB area commonly use channels 17-19. Be aware of traffic on these channels, especially around Kebler Pass, Ohio Pass, and the Slate River corridor. Avoid these for your group unless you want to monitor sled activity.
Multi-Channel Monitoring
Many GMRS radios support dual-watch or scan mode, letting you monitor two channels at once. Set your group's channel as primary and channel 20 as your secondary/monitor channel. This way you stay in touch with your group while listening for emergency hailing traffic.
Channel Reference
| Channel | Frequency | Service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 462.5625 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 2 | 462.5875 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 3 | 462.6125 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 4 | 462.6375 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 5 | 462.6625 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 6 | 462.6875 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 7 | 462.7125 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Good for group use |
| 8-14 | 467.5625-467.7125 MHz | FRS only | Low power only (0.5W) |
| 15 | 462.5500 MHz | FRS/GMRS | |
| 16 | 462.5750 MHz | FRS/GMRS | |
| 17 | 462.6000 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Snowmobile traffic common |
| 18 | 462.6250 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Snowmobile traffic common |
| 19 | 462.6500 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Snowmobile traffic common |
| 20 | 462.6750 MHz | FRS/GMRS | Emergency / hailing — monitor this channel |
| 21 | 462.7000 MHz | FRS/GMRS | |
| 22 | 462.7250 MHz | FRS/GMRS |
Getting a GMRS License
A GMRS license costs $35 and is valid for 10 years. It covers you and your immediate family members. No exam is required.
Apply online at the FCC Universal Licensing System (ULS).
- Create an FCC account at the ULS website
- Get an FRN (FCC Registration Number)
- Apply for a new GMRS license
- Pay the $35 fee
- Your license and call sign will be issued within a few days